Volume: 56 Issue: 2
Year: 2025, Page: 348-352, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2025.56.2.348-352
Received: Jan. 20, 2025 Accepted: Jan. 27, 2025 Published: June 30, 2025
The study explores the use of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) to mitigate methane emissions in livestock. In vitro evaluations were conducted to analyse the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile and methane mitigation potential of ginger rhizomes. The crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, total ash and nitrogen free extract of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) were evaluated. The phytochemical screening of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) was qualitatively assessed in water, methanol and ethanol extracts. Further the different dose levels of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg were evaluated in vitro for its methane mitigation potential. The dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, total ash and nitrogen free extract of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) were 20.58, 0.78, 11.89, 6.30, 5.45 and 75.58 per cent respectively. The phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenol, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, phytosterols, terpenoids indicated that they are present in the water, methanol and ethanol extracts. The ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) at dose level of 80 mg and 100 mg produce 6.74 and 5.79 ml of methane per 100 mg of truly digested substrate by in vitro study. These dose levels have significantly (p<0.05) higher methane mitigation potential than the other dose levels.
Keywords: Methane, in vitro, digestibility, ginger rhizomes
Ajayi, O.B., Akomolafe, S.F, and Akinyemi,F.T. 2013. Food values of two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) commonly consumed in Nigeria. ISRN Nutr. 4:1-4.
AOAC, 2019. Official methods of analysis.21stedn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Washington, D.C.
Chao, S.C. and Young, D.G. 2000. Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi, viruses. J. Essential Oil Res.12:639-649.
Gloria, A., Otunola, B. Oyelola, Oloyede, T., Adenike, Oladiji and Afolayan, A.J. 2010. Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of three spices –Allium sativum L. Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Capsicum frutescens L. commonly consumed in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9(41): 6927-6931.
IPCC, 1996. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories. In: Houghton JT, MeiraFilho LG, Lim B, Treanton K, Mamaty I, Bonduki Y, Griggs DJ, Callender BA (eds). IPCC/OECD/ IEA, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/revised-1996-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories [Accessed on 01.01.2025].
Khanpara, K and Harisha, C.R. 2012. A detailed investigation on shikakai (Acacia concinna Linn.) fruit. J. Curr. Pharmaceut. Res. 9(1):6-10.
Kim, E., Kim, C.H., Min, K.S. and Lee, S. 2012. Effects of plant extracts on microbial population, methane emission and ruminal fermentation characteristics in in vitro. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci. 25:806-811.
Medjekal, S., Raul Bodas, HaceneBousseboua and Secundino Lopez, 2017. Evlauation of three medicinal plants for methane production potential, fiber digestion and rumen fermentation in vitro. Proceedings international conference on technologies and materials for renewable energy, environment and sustainability, TMREES, 17, 21st -24th April, 2017, Beirut Lebanon.
Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28: 7-55.
Osabor, V.N., Bassey F.I. and Umoh, U.U. 2015. Phytochemical screening and quantitative evaluation of nutritional values of Zingiber officinale(Ginger). Am. Chem. Sci. J.8(4): 1-6.
Patra, A.K., Kamra, D.N., and Neeta Agarwal, 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.. 128: 276-291.
Patra, A.K., Kamra, D.N., and Neeta Agarwal, 2006. Effect of spices on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and protozoa counts in in vitro gas production test. Int. Congress Ser. 1293: 176-179.
Setty, V. N., D. Santhosh, D., Narasimha Rao, A., Sanjeeva Kumar and Charles Martin, A. 2011. Preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci.2(12):1287-1292.
Shrin, P. R., and Prakash, J. 2010. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root (Zingiber officinale). J. Med. Plant. Res. 4(24):2674-2679.
Sirohi,S.K., Nehapandey, Navneet Goel, B., Singh, Madhu Mohini, Poonam Pandey and Chaudhry, P. P. 2009. Microbial activity and ruminal methanogenesis as affected by plant secondary metabolites in different plant extracts. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1(1):52-58.
Sitaula, B.K., Luo, J., and Bakkan, L.R. 1992. Rapid analysis of climate gases by wide borecapillary gas chromatography. J. Environ. Qlty. 21: 493-496.
Snedecor, C.W. and Cochran, W.G.1994. Statistical methods (8th Ed.). Iowa State University Press Ames, Iowa, USA. 503p.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G. and Kaur, H. 2011. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Int. Epharmaceutica Sciencia. 1(1): 98-106.
Todkar, S.S., Chavan, V.V. and Kulkarani, A.S. 2010.Screening of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of Acacia concinn. Res. J. Microbiol., 5(10):974-979.
Van Soest, P.J. and Robertson, J.D. 1988. A laboratory manual for animal science, Ithaca New York, Cornell University.612p
© 2025 Balamurugan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Balamurugan, R., Kathirvelan, C., and Abinaya, A. 2025. Evaluating methane mitigation potential of ginger
rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) by in vitro study. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 56 (2):348-352