Volume: 56 Issue: 1
Year: 2025, Page: 103-109, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2025.56.1.103-109
Received: Sept. 29, 2024 Accepted: Jan. 3, 2025 Published: March 31, 2025
The study was conducted to identify the factors influencing resumption of cyclicity in postpartum crossbred dairy cows. Crossbred dairy cows (n=40) were selected for study and the basic details on age, parity, body condition score (BCS), peripartum complications and milk production were recorded. During the study period of 45 to 90 days postpartum, clinico-gynaecological examination of animals were conducted at 15 days interval to record ovarian and uterine changes. Serum progesterone levels were estimated at 15 days interval starting from day 45 postpartum and the animals with progesterone concentration of > 1 ng/mL were considered as resumed ovarian activity. Serum macrominerals and metabolites including Ca, P, Mg, total protein (TP) and cholesterol levels were estimated during various postpartum periods and its influence on resumption of cyclicity in crossbred dairy cows were analysed. The BCS and serum Ca concentration of cows which resumed ovarian cyclicity were significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of cows which did not resume cyclicity. Serum TP (p<0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.05) were significantly higher in resumed group of cows on day 75 postpartum compared to the not resumed group. Group of cows which resumed postpartum ovarian cyclicity showed significantly (p<0.01) lower milk production than that of cows which did not resume cyclicity. No significant association of serum P and Mg levels with resumption of ovarian activity was observed.
Keywords: Postpartum dairy cows, resumption of ovarian activity, macro minerals
Bindari, Y.R., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, N. and Gaire, T.N. 2013. Effects of nutrition on reproduction-A review. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 4: 421-429.
Borpujari, D., Ahmed, F.A., Lalrintluanga, K., Ali, M.A., Talukdar, D., Das, G. and Sarma, K. 2019. Blood metabolite concentrations and body condition score in relation to postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 89: 741-745.
Butler, W.R. and Smith, R.D. 1989. Interrelationships between energy balance and postpartum reproductive function in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 72: 767-783.
Cushman, R.A., Wood, J.R., Slattery, R.G., Clopton, D.T., Smith, J., Beavers, K.A., Pohlmeier, W.E., Bergman, J.W., Moline, K.V. and Cupp, A.S. 2010. Reproductive aging influences ovarian function in beef cows. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 558p.
Das, S., Mishra, S.K., Swain, R.K., Mohanty, D.N. and Mishra, S.R. 2012. Comparative study of certain serum biochemical parameters in anoestrus and repeat breeding cows of Bhadrak district of Orissa. Indian J. Fld. Veterinarians. 7: 62-65.
Duffield, T.F., Kelton, D.F., Leslie, K.E., Lissemore, K.D. and Lumsden, J.H., 1997. Use of test day milk fat and milk protein to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle in Ontario. The Canadian Vet. J. 38: 713-718.
Duffield, T. 2000. Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16: 231-253.
Dutta, A., Baruah, B. and Sarmah, B.C. 2001. Macro mineral levels in cyclic, postpartum anestrus and repeat breeding local cows in lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam. Indian J Anim. Reprod. 22:41-4.
Ferguson, J.D. 1991. Nutrition and reproduction in dairy cows. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 7: 483-507.
Gong, J.G., Lee, W.J., Garnsworthy, P.C. and Webb, R. 2002. Effect of dietary- induced increases in circulating insulin concentrations during the early post-partum period on reproductive function in dairy cows. Reproduction. 123: 419–427.
Herdt, T.H. 2000. Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance: Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16: 215-230.
Hutjens, M.F and Jordan, E.R. 1994. Protein-reproduction interactions and strategies. In: Jordan ER (ed): Proceedings of National Reproduction Symposium. USDA Extension Service. pp. 89.
Jayachandran, S., Nanjappan, K. and Muralidharan, J. 2013. Blood biochemical and mineral status in cyclic and postpartum anestrus buffaloes. Int. J. Food Agric. Vet. Sci. 3:93-7.
Kaneene, J.B. and Miller, R. 1994. Epidemiological study of metritis in Michigan dairy cattle. Vet. Res. 25: 253-257.
Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., Thatcher, W.W., Erickson, P.S., Cleale, R.M., Firkins, J.L., Clark, J.H., Murphy, M.R. and Brodie, B.O. 1992. Influence of diet composition, dry-matter intake, milk production and energy balance on time of post-partum ovulation and fertility in dairy cows. Anim. Sci. 54: 323-331.
Lucy, M.C. 2001. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end? J. Dairy Sci.84: 1277–1293
Meikle, A., Kulcsar, M., Chilliard, Y., Febel, H., Delavaud, C., Cavestany, D. and Chilibroste, P. 2004. Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow. Reproduction.127:727-737.
Qureshi, M.U., Qureshi, M.S., Khan, R., Rahman, A., Sohail, S.M., Ijaz, A., Ahmad, I., Ahmad, S. and Shoaib, M. 2016. Relationship of blood metabolites with reproductive cyclicity in dairy cows. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50: 338-348.
Rabiee, A.R. and Lean, I.J. 2000. Uptake of glucose and cholesterol by the ovary of sheep and cattle and the influence of arterial LH concentrations. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 64: 199-209.
Santos, J.E.P., Rutigliano, H.M. and Sa Filho, M.F. 2009. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 110: 207-221.
Smijisha, A. S. 2012. A body condition score system for predicting performance of cross bred cattle. PhD Thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, 4p.
Sonam, K., Promod, K., Chacko, L., Bipin, K.C. and John, L. 2020. A study on the factors influencing resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in crossbred cows. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 51: 159-163.
Stevenson, J.S., Lamb, G.C., Hoffmann, D.P. and Minton, J.E. 1997. Interrelationships of lactation and postpartum anovulation in suckled and milked cows. Livestock Prod. Sci. 50: 57-74.
Tanaka, T., Arai, M., Ohtani, S., Uemura, S., Kuroiwa, T., Kim, S. and Kamomae, H. 2008. Influence of parity on follicular dynamics and resumption of ovarian cycle in postpartum dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 108: 134-143.
Taylor, V.J., Beever, D.E., Bryant, M.J. and Wathes, D.C. 2003. Metabolic profiles and progesterone cycles in first lactation dairy cows. Theriogenology. 59: 1661–77.
Tedeschi, L.O., Fox, D.G. and Fonseca, M.A. 2015. Models of protein and amino acid requirements for cattle. R. Bras Zootec.44:109-32.
Uddin, A.M., Atikuzzaman, M., Islam, M.S. and Hossain, M.K. 2019. Postpartum cyclicity of Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows shows relation with serum biochemical profiles during 45-60 days postpartum. Pakistan Vet. J. 40: 257-260.
Van Saun, R.J., 1997. Nutritional profiles: a new approach for dairy herds. Bovine Practitioner.31: 43-49.
Veena, M.P., Gowrakkal, M. and Kumar, V.G. 2015. Relation of various physiological blood parameters with the postpartum reproductive efficiency in cattle. Int. J. Biomed. Res. 6:780-5.
Zhang, J., Deng, L.X., Zhang, H.L., Hua, G.H., Han, L., Zhu, Y., Meng, X.J. and Yang, L.G. 2010. Effects of parity on uterine involution and resumption of ovarian activities in postpartum Chinese Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 1979-1986.
Zulu, V.C., Sawamukai, Y., Nakada, K., Kida, K. and Moriyoshi, M. 2002. Relationship among insulin-like growth factor-I, blood metabolites and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64: 879-885.
© 2025 Mathew et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Mathew, B., Promod, K., Chacko, L., Abdul Azeez, C.P., Lekshmi Bhai, K. and Savanth, V. 2024. Association of certain serum metabolic markers and macro-minerals on resumption of ovarian activity in postpartum crossbred dairy cows. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 56 (1):103-109