Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Volume: 55 Issue: 3

  • Open Access
  • Research Article

Evaluation of physico-chemical quality and occurrence of Salmonella in water from food retail outlets

S. Anjali 1, K. Vrinda Menon1*, B. Sunil1, Deepthi Vijay1 and Surya Sankar2

1. Department of Veterinary Public Health, 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Kerala, India

Year: 2024, Page: 499-503, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2024.55.3.499-503

Received: Oct. 13, 2023 Accepted: Jan. 27, 2024 Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Abstract

Salmonella is one among the most important biological contaminants in drinking water that possess safety hazards to human life. Faecal contamination of the water, indirectly from the household sewage discharge, municipal sewage etc. attributes to the repeated detection of Salmonella in water. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella and physico- chemical quality evaluation of samples of water collected from food retail outlets of Thrissur and Kollam districts. A total of 50 water samples (25 each from Thrissur and Kollam districts) used for cooking purpose were collected over a period of six months, March to August 2023. Water samples were subjected to comparative evaluation of physico-chemical qualities viz., pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness. Collected water samples were examined for Salmonella spp. by conventional culture method and PCR. Genus specific and virulence genes of the isolates were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The occurrence of Salmonella spp. in samples of water collected from Thrissur was 24 per cent whereas in Kollam district it was only four per cent. The overall occurrence of Salmonella spp. in samples of water collected from both districts was 14 per cent. Physico-chemical parameters of water samples viz., pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids and hardness were within the BIS prescribed standards. The molecular characterisation of Salmonella spp. detected 16S rRNA in all isolates but invA and spvA genes were detected only in 14.28 per cent of the isolates. Hence proper disinfection of water and food sanitation in the retail outlets will help to minimize the risk of foodborne pathogens

Keywords: Salmonella, water, physico-chemical quality, food retail outlets

References

Amini, K. and Mobasseri, P. 2019. Detection and molecular identification of plasmid virulence genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from human and animals by multiplex PCR method. J. Med. Bacteriol. 8: 31-39.

Aneesha, K.N. 2019. Effect of Moringa oleifera and Citrus lanatus seed extract on quality of drinking water. M.V.Sc. thesis. Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 108p.

APHA [American Public Health Association]. 2012. Standard Methods for the Estimation of Water and Wastewater. (22nd Ed.) American Public Health Association, USA. 1325p.

Barrow, C.I. and Feltham, R.K.A. 1993. Cowan and Steel's Manual for the identification of medical bacteria. (3 ed). Cambridge University Press, London. 317p.

Bhatta, D.R., Bangtrakulnonth, A., Tishyadhigama, P., Saroj, S.D., Bandekar, J.R., Hendriksen, R.S. and Kapadnis, B.P. 2007. Serotyping, PCR, phage‐typing and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Salmonella serovars isolated from urban drinking water supply systems of Nepal. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 44:588-594.

BIS [Bureau of Indian Standards]. 2012. Indian Standard Drinking water specifications IS: 10500: 2012, Second revision. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 11p.

Chandran, R.P., Kiran, K., Divakaran, D. and Prajisha, P.K. 2011. Analysis of bacteriological quality of drinking water samples from Cherthala taluk, Kerala, India. Asian J. Water. Environ. Pollut8:61-68.

Jisna, P.P. 2022. Occurrence of enrofloxacin and tetracycline resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. in beef and cow milk. M.V.Sc thesis. Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 106p.

Kaabi, H.K.J.A. and AL-Yassari, A.K.S., 2019, September. 16S rRNA sequencing as tool for identification of Salmonella spp. isolated from human diarrhea cases. In J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 1294: 62041p.

Kadry, M., Nader, S.M., Dorgham, S.M. and Kandil, M.M., 2019. Molecular diversity of the invA gene obtained from human and egg samples. Vet. World. 7:1033p.

Dinesh, A. and Ganorkar Rajesh, P. 2013. Study of some physicochemical parameters of drinking water sources in Tembhurkheda and Jarud region dist. Amravati, MS, India. Int. J. Environ. Sci2:93-95.

Ram, P., Rao, V., Rao, S., Subramanyam, K.V. and Srinivas, K. 2019. Prevalence and virulence gene profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from animal, human and samples in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. J. Pharma Innov. 8:19-23.

Rather, T.A., Hussain, S.A., Bhat, S.A., Shah, S.N., Arshid, S. and Shahnawaz, M. 2013. Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli and Salmonella isolated from different water sources in Kashmir, India. Comp. Clin. Path. 22:729-731.

Cite this article

Anjali, S., Menon, K.V., Sunil, B., Vijay, D. and Sankar, S.2024. Evaluation of physico-chemical quality and occurrence of Salmonella in water from food retail outlets. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 55 (3):499-503

Views
124
Downloads
46
Citations