Volume: 55 Issue: 3
Year: 2024, Page: 586-592, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2024.55.3.586-592
Received: March 18, 2024 Accepted: May 9, 2024 Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Critical-sized long bone defects are those that would not heal spontaneously despite surgical stabilisation. The use of bioceramic scaffold has shown promising results in the repair of bone defects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the serum biochemical parameters of Wistar rats treated for critical-sized segmental bone loss using biphasic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds. The study was conducted in eighty male Wistar rats aged between 8-12 weeks, weighing 200-250 g body weight with critical-sized segmental defects in the femur. A 6 mm segmental mid-diaphyseal femoral defect was created under general anaesthesia. The bone defect was bridged with bioceramic scaffolds and retained in position with microplate and screws. Serum biochemical parameters serum calcium, phosphorous, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated four weeks before surgery, immediately after surgery and 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week after surgery. The evaluation of both serum calcium and phosphorous were found to be reliable indicators of new bone formation and mineralisation, whereas the evaluation of both serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were found to be reliable indicators of bone healing during the treatment of critical-sized long bone defects in rats using biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds
Keywords: Beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioceramic scaffold, hydroxyapatite, serum acid phosphatase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum phosphorous
Atalay, Y., Bozkurt, M. F., Gonul, Y., Cakmak, O., Agacayak, K. S., Köse, I., Hazman, O., Keles, H., Turamanlar, O. and Eroglu, M. 2015. The effects of amlodipine and platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rats.Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 9:1973-1981.
Cacciotti, I., 2014. Cationic and anionic substitutions in hydroxyapatite. Handbook of bioceramics and biocomposites. 1-68.
Cavins, A. W. 1924. The effect of fasting (and refeeding) on the calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood serums of normal and rachitic rats. .J. Bio. Chem.59(1): 237-242.
Costa, C.M., Bernardes, G., Sgrott, S.M., Ely, J.B., Porto, L.M. and Acampora A.J.D. 2011. Proposal for access to the femur in rats. Int. J. Biotech. Molecular Biol. Res. 2: 73-79.
De Coster, T. A., Gehlert, R. J., Mikola, E. A. and Pirela-Cruz, M. A. 2004. Management of posttraumatic segmental bone defects. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 12(1): 28-38.
Dinesh, P. T. 2018. Healing of bone defects treated with triphasiccomposite bioceramic in rat models. PhD thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 84: 40-41.
Golub, E.E. and Boesze-Battaglia, K. 2007. The role of alkaline phosphatase in mineralization. Cur. Opn.Orthop. 18(5): 444-448.
Kisiel, A. H., McDuffee, L. A., Masaoud, E., Bailey, T. R., Gonzalez, B. P. E. and Nino-Fong, R. 2012. Isolation, characterization, and in vitro proliferation of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and periosteum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 73:1305-1317.
Kumar, M., John, K. and Karthik, S. 2013. The bone fracture–healing potential of ormocarpum cochinchinense, methanolic extract on albino Wistar rats. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 19. 1-10.
Nakagawa, H., Kamimura, M., Takahara, K., Havehidate, H., Kawaguchi, A., Uchiyama, S. and Miyasaka, T. 2006. Changes in total alkaline phosphatase level after hip fracture: comparison between femoral neck and trochanter fractures. J Orthop. Sci. 11(2). 135-139.
Pandey, G. and Sharma, M. 2011. Guidelines of CPCSEA for conducting the experiment on animals. National seminar on progress in life sciences for human welfare. pp. 5-6.
Prodinger, P. M., Foehr, P., Bürklein, D., Bissinger, O., Pilge, H., Kreutzer, K., Eisenhart‑Rothe, R., V. and Tischer, T. 2018. Whole bone testing in small animals: systematic characterization of the mechanical properties of different rodent bones available for rat fracture models. Eur. J. of Med. Res. 23(8).
Reichert, J.C. 2010. Tissue engineering bone-reconstruction of critical sized segmental bone defects in a large animal model. PhD Thesis. Queensland University of Technology.
Rompen, E., Domken, O., Degidi, M., Pontes, A. E. and Piattelli, A. 2006. The effect of material characteristics, of surface topography and of implant components and connections on soft tissue integration: a literature review. Clin. Oral. Implants. Res. 17(2): 55-67.
Rueff-Barroso, C. R., Milagres, D., do Valle, J., Casimiro-Lopes, G., Nogueira-Neto, J. F., Zanier, J. F. and Porto, L. C. 2008. Bone healing in rats submitted to weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing exercises. Med. Sci. Monit. 14(11). 231-236.
Sousa, C., Abreu, H., Viegas, C., Azevedo, J., Reis, R., Gomes, M. and Dias, I. 2011. Serum total and bone alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities for the assessment of bone fracture healing in dogs. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.63: 1007-1011.
Stoffel, K., Engler, H., Kuster, M. and Riesen, W. 2007. Changes in biochemical markers after lower limb fractures. Clin. Chem. 53: 131-134.
Thian, E. S., Huang, J., Vickers, M. E., Best, S. M., Barber, Z. H. and Bonfield, W. 2006. (SiHA) Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite: A novel calcium phosphate coating for biomedical applications. J. Mater. Sci. 41: 709-717.
Veitch, S.W., Findlay, S.C., Hamer, A.J., Blumsohn, A., Eastell, R. and Ingle B. 2006. Changes in bone mass and bone turnover following tibial shaft fracture. Osteoporos. Int. 17: 364-372.
Wang, H., Boerman O. C., Sariibrahimoglu, K., Li, Y., Jansen, J. A. and Leeuwenburgh, S. C. 2012. Comparison of micro-vs nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels for sustained delivery of osteogenic proteins: bone morphogenetic protein-2 and alkaline phosphatase. Biomaterials. 33: 8695–8703.
© 2024 Ashok et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Ashok, R. U., Syam, K. V., John Martin, K. D., Anoop, S., Maya, S. and Dhanush Krishna, B. 2024. Serum biochemical evaluation of healing of critical-sized long bone defects in rats treated with biphasic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 55 (3):586-592